#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2009 Facebook
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
"""An I/O event loop for non-blocking sockets.
Typical applications will use a single `IOLoop` object, in the
`IOLoop.instance` singleton. The `IOLoop.start` method should usually
be called at the end of the ``main()`` function. Atypical applications may
use more than one `IOLoop`, such as one `IOLoop` per thread, or per `unittest`
case.
In addition to I/O events, the `IOLoop` can also schedule time-based events.
`IOLoop.add_timeout` is a non-blocking alternative to `time.sleep`.
"""
from __future__ import division, print_function
import collections
import datetime
import errno
import functools
import heapq
import itertools
#import logging
import math
import numbers
import os
import select
import sys
import threading
import time
import traceback
from atom.api import Atom, Constant, Instance, Typed, Callable, Float, Bool, List, Value, Tuple, Dict, Int
from .posix import set_close_exec, Waker
from . import stack_context
from .concurrent import TracebackFuture, is_future
from .log import app_log, gen_log
from .util import PY3, errno_from_exception, timedelta_to_seconds, TimeoutError
# try:
# import signal
# except ImportError:
signal = None
if PY3:
import _thread as thread
else:
import thread
#try:
# import asyncio
#except ImportError:
asyncio = None
_POLL_TIMEOUT = 3600.0
[docs]class IOLoop(Atom):
"""A level-triggered I/O loop.
We use ``epoll`` (Linux) or ``kqueue`` (BSD and Mac OS X) if they
are available, or else we fall back on select(). If you are
implementing a system that needs to handle thousands of
simultaneous connections, you should use a system that supports
either ``epoll`` or ``kqueue``.
Example usage for a simple TCP server:
.. testcode::
import errno
import functools
import tornado.ioloop
import socket
def connection_ready(sock, fd, events):
while True:
try:
connection, address = sock.accept()
except socket.error as e:
if e.args[0] not in (errno.EWOULDBLOCK, errno.EAGAIN):
raise
return
connection.setblocking(0)
handle_connection(connection, address)
if __name__ == '__main__':
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.setblocking(0)
sock.bind(("", port))
sock.listen(128)
io_loop = tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current()
callback = functools.partial(connection_ready, sock)
io_loop.add_handler(sock.fileno(), callback, io_loop.READ)
io_loop.start()
.. testoutput::
:hide:
By default, a newly-constructed `IOLoop` becomes the thread's current
`IOLoop`, unless there already is a current `IOLoop`. This behavior
can be controlled with the ``make_current`` argument to the `IOLoop`
constructor: if ``make_current=True``, the new `IOLoop` will always
try to become current and it raises an error if there is already a
current instance. If ``make_current=False``, the new `IOLoop` will
not try to become current.
In general, an `IOLoop` cannot survive a fork or be shared across
processes in any way. When multiple processes are being used, each
process should create its own `IOLoop`, which also implies that
any objects which depend on the `IOLoop` (such as
`.AsyncHTTPClient`) must also be created in the child processes.
As a guideline, anything that starts processes (including the
`tornado.process` and `multiprocessing` modules) should do so as
early as possible, ideally the first thing the application does
after loading its configuration in ``main()``.
.. versionchanged:: 4.2
Added the ``make_current`` keyword argument to the `IOLoop`
constructor.
"""
# Constants from the epoll module
_EPOLLIN = Constant(0x001)
_EPOLLPRI = Constant(0x002)
_EPOLLOUT = Constant(0x004)
_EPOLLERR = Constant(0x008)
_EPOLLHUP = Constant(0x010)
_EPOLLRDHUP = Constant(0x2000)
_EPOLLONESHOT = Constant(1 << 30)
_EPOLLET = Constant(1 << 31)
# Our events map exactly to the epoll events
NONE = Constant(0)
READ = Constant(0x001)
WRITE = Constant(0x004)
ERROR = Constant(0x008 | 0x010)
# Global lock for creating global IOLoop instance
_instance_lock = threading.Lock()
_current = threading.local()
_error_handler = Callable()
[docs] @staticmethod
def instance():
"""Deprecated alias for `IOLoop.current()`.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
Previously, this method returned a global singleton
`IOLoop`, in contrast with the per-thread `IOLoop` returned
by `current()`. In nearly all cases the two were the same
(when they differed, it was generally used from non-Tornado
threads to communicate back to the main thread's `IOLoop`).
This distinction is not present in `asyncio`, so in order
to facilitate integration with that package `instance()`
was changed to be an alias to `current()`. Applications
using the cross-thread communications aspect of
`instance()` should instead set their own global variable
to point to the `IOLoop` they want to use.
.. deprecated:: 5.0
"""
return IOLoop.current()
[docs] @staticmethod
def initialized():
"""Returns true if there is a current IOLoop.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
Redefined in terms of `current()` instead of `instance()`.
.. deprecated:: 5.0
This method only knows about `IOLoop` objects (and not, for
example, `asyncio` event loops), so it is of limited use.
"""
return IOLoop.current(instance=False) is not None
[docs] def install(self):
"""Deprecated alias for `make_current()`.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
Previously, this method would set this `IOLoop` as the
global singleton used by `IOLoop.instance()`. Now that
`instance()` is an alias for `current()`, `install()`
is an alias for `make_current()`.
.. deprecated:: 5.0
"""
self.make_current()
[docs] @staticmethod
def clear_instance():
"""Deprecated alias for `clear_current()`.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
Previously, this method would clear the `IOLoop` used as
the global singleton by `IOLoop.instance()`. Now that
`instance()` is an alias for `current()`,
`clear_instance()` is an alias for `clear_instance()`.
.. deprecated:: 5.0
"""
IOLoop.clear_current()
[docs] @staticmethod
def current(instance=True):
"""Returns the current thread's `IOLoop`.
If an `IOLoop` is currently running or has been marked as
current by `make_current`, returns that instance. If there is
no current `IOLoop` and ``instance`` is true, creates one.
.. versionchanged:: 4.1
Added ``instance`` argument to control the fallback to
`IOLoop.instance()`.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
The ``instance`` argument now controls whether an `IOLoop`
is created automatically when there is none, instead of
whether we fall back to `IOLoop.instance()` (which is now
an alias for this method)
"""
current = getattr(IOLoop._current, "instance", None)
if current is None and instance:
current = None
#if asyncio is not None:
# from tornado.platform.asyncio import AsyncIOLoop, AsyncIOMainLoop
# if IOLoop.configured_class() is AsyncIOLoop:
# current = AsyncIOMainLoop()
if current is None:
from .platforms import EPollIOLoop
current = EPollIOLoop()
current.initialize()
#current = IOLoop()
if IOLoop._current.instance is not current:
raise RuntimeError("new IOLoop did not become current")
return current
[docs] def make_current(self):
"""Makes this the `IOLoop` for the current thread.
An `IOLoop` automatically becomes current for its thread
when it is started, but it is sometimes useful to call
`make_current` explicitly before starting the `IOLoop`,
so that code run at startup time can find the right
instance.
.. versionchanged:: 4.1
An `IOLoop` created while there is no current `IOLoop`
will automatically become current.
"""
IOLoop._current.instance = self
[docs] @staticmethod
def clear_current():
"""Clears the `IOLoop` for the current thread.
Intended primarily for use by test frameworks in between tests.
"""
IOLoop._current.instance = None
[docs] @classmethod
def configurable_base(cls):
return IOLoop
[docs] @classmethod
def configurable_default(cls):
#if asyncio is not None:
# from tornado.platform.asyncio import AsyncIOLoop
# return AsyncIOLoop
return PollIOLoop
[docs] def initialize(self, make_current=None):
if make_current is None:
if IOLoop.current(instance=False) is None:
self.make_current()
elif make_current:
if IOLoop.current(instance=False) is not None:
raise RuntimeError("current IOLoop already exists")
self.make_current()
[docs] def close(self, all_fds=False):
"""Closes the `IOLoop`, freeing any resources used.
If ``all_fds`` is true, all file descriptors registered on the
IOLoop will be closed (not just the ones created by the
`IOLoop` itself).
Many applications will only use a single `IOLoop` that runs for the
entire lifetime of the process. In that case closing the `IOLoop`
is not necessary since everything will be cleaned up when the
process exits. `IOLoop.close` is provided mainly for scenarios
such as unit tests, which create and destroy a large number of
``IOLoops``.
An `IOLoop` must be completely stopped before it can be closed. This
means that `IOLoop.stop()` must be called *and* `IOLoop.start()` must
be allowed to return before attempting to call `IOLoop.close()`.
Therefore the call to `close` will usually appear just after
the call to `start` rather than near the call to `stop`.
.. versionchanged:: 3.1
If the `IOLoop` implementation supports non-integer objects
for "file descriptors", those objects will have their
``close`` method when ``all_fds`` is true.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def add_handler(self, fd, handler, events):
"""Registers the given handler to receive the given events for ``fd``.
The ``fd`` argument may either be an integer file descriptor or
a file-like object with a ``fileno()`` method (and optionally a
``close()`` method, which may be called when the `IOLoop` is shut
down).
The ``events`` argument is a bitwise or of the constants
``IOLoop.READ``, ``IOLoop.WRITE``, and ``IOLoop.ERROR``.
When an event occurs, ``handler(fd, events)`` will be run.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ability to pass file-like objects in addition to
raw file descriptors.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def update_handler(self, fd, events):
"""Changes the events we listen for ``fd``.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ability to pass file-like objects in addition to
raw file descriptors.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def remove_handler(self, fd):
"""Stop listening for events on ``fd``.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ability to pass file-like objects in addition to
raw file descriptors.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def set_blocking_signal_threshold(self, seconds, action):
"""Sends a signal if the `IOLoop` is blocked for more than
``s`` seconds.
Pass ``seconds=None`` to disable. Requires Python 2.6 on a unixy
platform.
The action parameter is a Python signal handler. Read the
documentation for the `signal` module for more information.
If ``action`` is None, the process will be killed if it is
blocked for too long.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def set_blocking_log_threshold(self, seconds):
"""Logs a stack trace if the `IOLoop` is blocked for more than
``s`` seconds.
Equivalent to ``set_blocking_signal_threshold(seconds,
self.log_stack)``
"""
self.set_blocking_signal_threshold(seconds, self.log_stack)
[docs] def log_stack(self, signal, frame):
"""Signal handler to log the stack trace of the current thread.
For use with `set_blocking_signal_threshold`.
"""
gen_log.warning('IOLoop blocked for %f seconds in\n%s',
self._blocking_signal_threshold,
''.join(traceback.format_stack(frame)))
[docs] def start(self):
"""Starts the I/O loop.
The loop will run until one of the callbacks calls `stop()`, which
will make the loop stop after the current event iteration completes.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _setup_logging(self):
"""The IOLoop catches and logs exceptions, so it's
important that log output be visible. However, python's
default behavior for non-root loggers (prior to python
3.2) is to print an unhelpful "no handlers could be
found" message rather than the actual log entry, so we
must explicitly configure logging if we've made it this
far without anything.
This method should be called from start() in subclasses.
"""
pass
# if not any([logging.getLogger().handlers,
# logging.getLogger('tornado').handlers,
# logging.getLogger('tornado.application').handlers]):
# logging.basicConfig()
[docs] def stop(self):
"""Stop the I/O loop.
If the event loop is not currently running, the next call to `start()`
will return immediately.
To use asynchronous methods from otherwise-synchronous code (such as
unit tests), you can start and stop the event loop like this::
ioloop = IOLoop()
async_method(ioloop=ioloop, callback=ioloop.stop)
ioloop.start()
``ioloop.start()`` will return after ``async_method`` has run
its callback, whether that callback was invoked before or
after ``ioloop.start``.
Note that even after `stop` has been called, the `IOLoop` is not
completely stopped until `IOLoop.start` has also returned.
Some work that was scheduled before the call to `stop` may still
be run before the `IOLoop` shuts down.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def run_sync(self, func, timeout=None):
"""Starts the `IOLoop`, runs the given function, and stops the loop.
The function must return either a yieldable object or
``None``. If the function returns a yieldable object, the
`IOLoop` will run until the yieldable is resolved (and
`run_sync()` will return the yieldable's result). If it raises
an exception, the `IOLoop` will stop and the exception will be
re-raised to the caller.
The keyword-only argument ``timeout`` may be used to set
a maximum duration for the function. If the timeout expires,
a `tornado.util.TimeoutError` is raised.
This method is useful in conjunction with `tornado.gen.coroutine`
to allow asynchronous calls in a ``main()`` function::
@gen.coroutine
def main():
# do stuff...
if __name__ == '__main__':
IOLoop.current().run_sync(main)
.. versionchanged:: 4.3
Returning a non-``None``, non-yieldable value is now an error.
"""
future_cell = [None]
def run():
try:
result = func()
if result is not None:
from .gen import convert_yielded
result = convert_yielded(result)
except Exception:
future_cell[0] = TracebackFuture()
future_cell[0].set_exc_info(sys.exc_info())
else:
if is_future(result):
future_cell[0] = result
else:
future_cell[0] = TracebackFuture()
future_cell[0].set_result(result)
self.add_future(future_cell[0], lambda future: self.stop())
self.add_callback(run)
if timeout is not None:
timeout_handle = self.add_timeout(self.time() + timeout, self.stop)
self.start()
if timeout is not None:
self.remove_timeout(timeout_handle)
if not future_cell[0].done():
raise TimeoutError('Operation timed out after %s seconds' % timeout)
return future_cell[0].result()
[docs] def time(self):
"""Returns the current time according to the `IOLoop`'s clock.
The return value is a floating-point number relative to an
unspecified time in the past.
By default, the `IOLoop`'s time function is `time.time`. However,
it may be configured to use e.g. `time.monotonic` instead.
Calls to `add_timeout` that pass a number instead of a
`datetime.timedelta` should use this function to compute the
appropriate time, so they can work no matter what time function
is chosen.
"""
return time.time()
[docs] def add_timeout(self, deadline, callback, *args, **kwargs):
"""Runs the ``callback`` at the time ``deadline`` from the I/O loop.
Returns an opaque handle that may be passed to
`remove_timeout` to cancel.
``deadline`` may be a number denoting a time (on the same
scale as `IOLoop.time`, normally `time.time`), or a
`datetime.timedelta` object for a deadline relative to the
current time. Since Tornado 4.0, `call_later` is a more
convenient alternative for the relative case since it does not
require a timedelta object.
Note that it is not safe to call `add_timeout` from other threads.
Instead, you must use `add_callback` to transfer control to the
`IOLoop`'s thread, and then call `add_timeout` from there.
Subclasses of IOLoop must implement either `add_timeout` or
`call_at`; the default implementations of each will call
the other. `call_at` is usually easier to implement, but
subclasses that wish to maintain compatibility with Tornado
versions prior to 4.0 must use `add_timeout` instead.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Now passes through ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` to the callback.
"""
if isinstance(deadline, numbers.Real):
return self.call_at(deadline, callback, *args, **kwargs)
elif isinstance(deadline, datetime.timedelta):
return self.call_at(self.time() + timedelta_to_seconds(deadline),
callback, *args, **kwargs)
else:
raise TypeError("Unsupported deadline %r" % deadline)
[docs] def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args, **kwargs):
"""Runs the ``callback`` after ``delay`` seconds have passed.
Returns an opaque handle that may be passed to `remove_timeout`
to cancel. Note that unlike the `asyncio` method of the same
name, the returned object does not have a ``cancel()`` method.
See `add_timeout` for comments on thread-safety and subclassing.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
return self.call_at(self.time() + delay, callback, *args, **kwargs)
[docs] def call_at(self, when, callback, *args, **kwargs):
"""Runs the ``callback`` at the absolute time designated by ``when``.
``when`` must be a number using the same reference point as
`IOLoop.time`.
Returns an opaque handle that may be passed to `remove_timeout`
to cancel. Note that unlike the `asyncio` method of the same
name, the returned object does not have a ``cancel()`` method.
See `add_timeout` for comments on thread-safety and subclassing.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
return self.add_timeout(when, callback, *args, **kwargs)
[docs] def remove_timeout(self, timeout):
"""Cancels a pending timeout.
The argument is a handle as returned by `add_timeout`. It is
safe to call `remove_timeout` even if the callback has already
been run.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def add_callback(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
"""Calls the given callback on the next I/O loop iteration.
It is safe to call this method from any thread at any time,
except from a signal handler. Note that this is the **only**
method in `IOLoop` that makes this thread-safety guarantee; all
other interaction with the `IOLoop` must be done from that
`IOLoop`'s thread. `add_callback()` may be used to transfer
control from other threads to the `IOLoop`'s thread.
To add a callback from a signal handler, see
`add_callback_from_signal`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def add_callback_from_signal(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
"""Calls the given callback on the next I/O loop iteration.
Safe for use from a Python signal handler; should not be used
otherwise.
Callbacks added with this method will be run without any
`.stack_context`, to avoid picking up the context of the function
that was interrupted by the signal.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
[docs] def spawn_callback(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
"""Calls the given callback on the next IOLoop iteration.
Unlike all other callback-related methods on IOLoop,
``spawn_callback`` does not associate the callback with its caller's
``stack_context``, so it is suitable for fire-and-forget callbacks
that should not interfere with the caller.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
with stack_context.NullContext():
self.add_callback(callback, *args, **kwargs)
[docs] def add_future(self, future, callback):
"""Schedules a callback on the ``IOLoop`` when the given
`.Future` is finished.
The callback is invoked with one argument, the
`.Future`.
"""
assert is_future(future)
callback = stack_context.wrap(callback)
future.add_done_callback(
lambda future: self.add_callback(callback, future))
def _run_callback(self, callback):
"""Runs a callback with error handling.
For use in subclasses.
"""
try:
ret = callback()
if ret is not None:
from . import gen
# Functions that return Futures typically swallow all
# exceptions and store them in the Future. If a Future
# makes it out to the IOLoop, ensure its exception (if any)
# gets logged too.
try:
ret = gen.convert_yielded(ret)
except gen.BadYieldError:
# It's not unusual for add_callback to be used with
# methods returning a non-None and non-yieldable
# result, which should just be ignored.
pass
else:
self.add_future(ret, self._discard_future_result)
except Exception:
self.handle_callback_exception(callback)
def _discard_future_result(self, future):
"""Avoid unhandled-exception warnings from spawned coroutines."""
future.result()
[docs] def set_callback_exception_handler(self, handler):
""" Change the exception handler """
self._error_handler = handler
[docs] def handle_callback_exception(self, callback):
"""This method is called whenever a callback run by the `IOLoop`
throws an exception.
By default simply logs the exception as an error. Subclasses
may override this method to customize reporting of exceptions.
The exception itself is not passed explicitly, but is available
in `sys.exc_info`.
"""
if self._error_handler:
self._error_handler(callback)
else:
app_log.error("Exception in callback %r", callback, exc_info=True)
[docs] def split_fd(self, fd):
"""Returns an (fd, obj) pair from an ``fd`` parameter.
We accept both raw file descriptors and file-like objects as
input to `add_handler` and related methods. When a file-like
object is passed, we must retain the object itself so we can
close it correctly when the `IOLoop` shuts down, but the
poller interfaces favor file descriptors (they will accept
file-like objects and call ``fileno()`` for you, but they
always return the descriptor itself).
This method is provided for use by `IOLoop` subclasses and should
not generally be used by application code.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
try:
return fd.fileno(), fd
except AttributeError:
return fd, fd
[docs] def close_fd(self, fd):
"""Utility method to close an ``fd``.
If ``fd`` is a file-like object, we close it directly; otherwise
we use `os.close`.
This method is provided for use by `IOLoop` subclasses (in
implementations of ``IOLoop.close(all_fds=True)`` and should
not generally be used by application code.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
try:
try:
fd.close()
except AttributeError:
os.close(fd)
except OSError:
pass
[docs]class PollIOLoop(IOLoop):
"""Base class for IOLoops built around a select-like function.
For concrete implementations, see `tornado.platform.epoll.EPollIOLoop`
(Linux), `tornado.platform.kqueue.KQueueIOLoop` (BSD and Mac), or
`tornado.platform.select.SelectIOLoop` (all platforms).
"""
_impl = Value()
time_func = Callable()
_handlers = Dict()
_events = Dict()
_callbacks = Instance(collections.deque)
_timeouts = List()
_cancellations = Int()
_running = Bool()
_stopped = Bool()
_closing = Bool()
_thread_ident = Value()
_pid = Int()
_blocking_signal_threshold = Value()
_timeout_counter = Value()
_waker = Value(Waker)
[docs] def initialize(self, impl, time_func=None, **kwargs):
super(PollIOLoop, self).initialize(**kwargs)
self._impl = impl
if hasattr(self._impl, 'fileno'):
set_close_exec(self._impl.fileno())
self.time_func = time_func or time.time
#self._handlers = {}
#self._events = {}
self._callbacks = collections.deque()
#self._timeouts = []
#self._cancellations = 0
#self._running = False
#self._stopped = False
#self._closing = False
#self._thread_ident = None
self._pid = os.getpid()
#self._blocking_signal_threshold = None
self._timeout_counter = itertools.count()
# Create a pipe that we send bogus data to when we want to wake
# the I/O loop when it is idle
self._waker = Waker()
self.add_handler(self._waker.fileno(),
lambda fd, events: self._waker.consume(),
self.READ)
[docs] @classmethod
def configurable_base(cls):
return PollIOLoop
[docs] @classmethod
def configurable_default(cls):
if hasattr(select, "epoll"):
from .platforms import EPollIOLoop
return EPollIOLoop
if hasattr(select, "kqueue"):
# Python 2.6+ on BSD or Mac
from .platforms import KQueueIOLoop
return KQueueIOLoop
from .platforms import SelectIOLoop
return SelectIOLoop
[docs] def close(self, all_fds=False):
self._closing = True
self.remove_handler(self._waker.fileno())
if all_fds:
for fd, handler in list(self._handlers.values()):
self.close_fd(fd)
self._waker.close()
self._impl.close()
self._callbacks = None
self._timeouts = None
[docs] def add_handler(self, fd, handler, events):
fd, obj = self.split_fd(fd)
self._handlers[fd] = (obj, stack_context.wrap(handler))
self._impl.register(fd, events | self.ERROR)
[docs] def update_handler(self, fd, events):
fd, obj = self.split_fd(fd)
self._impl.modify(fd, events | self.ERROR)
[docs] def remove_handler(self, fd):
fd, obj = self.split_fd(fd)
self._handlers.pop(fd, None)
self._events.pop(fd, None)
try:
self._impl.unregister(fd)
except Exception:
gen_log.debug("Error deleting fd from IOLoop", exc_info=True)
[docs] def set_blocking_signal_threshold(self, seconds, action):
if not hasattr(signal, "setitimer"):
gen_log.error("set_blocking_signal_threshold requires a signal module "
"with the setitimer method")
return
self._blocking_signal_threshold = seconds
if seconds is not None:
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM,
action if action is not None else signal.SIG_DFL)
[docs] def start(self):
if self._running:
raise RuntimeError("IOLoop is already running")
if os.getpid() != self._pid:
raise RuntimeError("Cannot share PollIOLoops across processes")
self._setup_logging()
if self._stopped:
self._stopped = False
return
old_current = getattr(IOLoop._current, "instance", None)
IOLoop._current.instance = self
self._thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
self._running = True
# signal.set_wakeup_fd closes a race condition in event loops:
# a signal may arrive at the beginning of select/poll/etc
# before it goes into its interruptible sleep, so the signal
# will be consumed without waking the select. The solution is
# for the (C, synchronous) signal handler to write to a pipe,
# which will then be seen by select.
#
# In python's signal handling semantics, this only matters on the
# main thread (fortunately, set_wakeup_fd only works on the main
# thread and will raise a ValueError otherwise).
#
# If someone has already set a wakeup fd, we don't want to
# disturb it. This is an issue for twisted, which does its
# SIGCHLD processing in response to its own wakeup fd being
# written to. As long as the wakeup fd is registered on the IOLoop,
# the loop will still wake up and everything should work.
old_wakeup_fd = None
if hasattr(signal, 'set_wakeup_fd') and os.name == 'posix':
# requires python 2.6+, unix. set_wakeup_fd exists but crashes
# the python process on windows.
try:
old_wakeup_fd = signal.set_wakeup_fd(self._waker.write_fileno())
if old_wakeup_fd != -1:
# Already set, restore previous value. This is a little racy,
# but there's no clean get_wakeup_fd and in real use the
# IOLoop is just started once at the beginning.
signal.set_wakeup_fd(old_wakeup_fd)
old_wakeup_fd = None
except ValueError:
# Non-main thread, or the previous value of wakeup_fd
# is no longer valid.
old_wakeup_fd = None
try:
while True:
# Prevent IO event starvation by delaying new callbacks
# to the next iteration of the event loop.
ncallbacks = len(self._callbacks)
# Add any timeouts that have come due to the callback list.
# Do not run anything until we have determined which ones
# are ready, so timeouts that call add_timeout cannot
# schedule anything in this iteration.
due_timeouts = []
if self._timeouts:
now = self.time()
while self._timeouts:
if self._timeouts[0].callback is None:
# The timeout was cancelled. Note that the
# cancellation check is repeated below for timeouts
# that are cancelled by another timeout or callback.
heapq.heappop(self._timeouts)
self._cancellations -= 1
elif self._timeouts[0].deadline <= now:
due_timeouts.append(heapq.heappop(self._timeouts))
else:
break
if (self._cancellations > 512 and
self._cancellations > (len(self._timeouts) >> 1)):
# Clean up the timeout queue when it gets large and it's
# more than half cancellations.
self._cancellations = 0
self._timeouts = [x for x in self._timeouts
if x.callback is not None]
heapq.heapify(self._timeouts)
for i in range(ncallbacks):
self._run_callback(self._callbacks.popleft())
for timeout in due_timeouts:
if timeout.callback is not None:
self._run_callback(timeout.callback)
# Closures may be holding on to a lot of memory, so allow
# them to be freed before we go into our poll wait.
due_timeouts = timeout = None
if self._callbacks:
# If any callbacks or timeouts called add_callback,
# we don't want to wait in poll() before we run them.
poll_timeout = 0.0
elif self._timeouts:
# If there are any timeouts, schedule the first one.
# Use self.time() instead of 'now' to account for time
# spent running callbacks.
poll_timeout = self._timeouts[0].deadline - self.time()
poll_timeout = max(0, min(poll_timeout, _POLL_TIMEOUT))
else:
# No timeouts and no callbacks, so use the default.
poll_timeout = _POLL_TIMEOUT
if not self._running:
break
if self._blocking_signal_threshold is not None:
# clear alarm so it doesn't fire while poll is waiting for
# events.
signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 0, 0)
try:
event_pairs = self._impl.poll(poll_timeout)
except Exception as e:
# Depending on python version and IOLoop implementation,
# different exception types may be thrown and there are
# two ways EINTR might be signaled:
# * e.errno == errno.EINTR
# * e.args is like (errno.EINTR, 'Interrupted system call')
if errno_from_exception(e) == errno.EINTR:
continue
else:
raise
if self._blocking_signal_threshold is not None:
signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL,
self._blocking_signal_threshold, 0)
# Pop one fd at a time from the set of pending fds and run
# its handler. Since that handler may perform actions on
# other file descriptors, there may be reentrant calls to
# this IOLoop that modify self._events
self._events.update(event_pairs)
while self._events:
fd, events = self._events.popitem()
try:
fd_obj, handler_func = self._handlers[fd]
handler_func(fd_obj, events)
except (OSError, IOError) as e:
if errno_from_exception(e) == errno.EPIPE:
# Happens when the client closes the connection
pass
else:
self.handle_callback_exception(self._handlers.get(fd))
except Exception:
self.handle_callback_exception(self._handlers.get(fd))
fd_obj = handler_func = None
finally:
# reset the stopped flag so another start/stop pair can be issued
self._stopped = False
if self._blocking_signal_threshold is not None:
signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 0, 0)
IOLoop._current.instance = old_current
if old_wakeup_fd is not None:
signal.set_wakeup_fd(old_wakeup_fd)
[docs] def stop(self):
self._running = False
self._stopped = True
self._waker.wake()
return self.time_func()
[docs] def call_at(self, deadline, callback, *args, **kwargs):
timeout = _Timeout(
deadline,
functools.partial(stack_context.wrap(callback), *args, **kwargs),
self)
heapq.heappush(self._timeouts, timeout)
return timeout
[docs] def remove_timeout(self, timeout):
# Removing from a heap is complicated, so just leave the defunct
# timeout object in the queue (see discussion in
# http://docs.python.org/library/heapq.html).
# If this turns out to be a problem, we could add a garbage
# collection pass whenever there are too many dead timeouts.
timeout.callback = None
self._cancellations += 1
[docs] def add_callback(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
if self._closing:
return
# Blindly insert into self._callbacks. This is safe even
# from signal handlers because deque.append is atomic.
self._callbacks.append(functools.partial(
stack_context.wrap(callback), *args, **kwargs))
if thread.get_ident() != self._thread_ident:
# This will write one byte but Waker.consume() reads many
# at once, so it's ok to write even when not strictly
# necessary.
self._waker.wake()
else:
# If we're on the IOLoop's thread, we don't need to wake anyone.
pass
[docs] def add_callback_from_signal(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
with stack_context.NullContext():
self.add_callback(callback, *args, **kwargs)
class _Timeout(Atom):
"""An IOLoop timeout, a UNIX timestamp and a callback"""
# Reduce memory overhead when there are lots of pending callbacks
callback = Callable()
deadline = Float()
tdeadline = Tuple()
def __init__(self, deadline, callback, io_loop):
super(_Timeout, self).__init__()
if not isinstance(deadline, numbers.Real):
raise TypeError("Unsupported deadline %r" % deadline)
self.deadline = deadline
self.callback = callback
self.tdeadline = (deadline, next(io_loop._timeout_counter))
# Comparison methods to sort by deadline, with object id as a tiebreaker
# to guarantee a consistent ordering. The heapq module uses __le__
# in python2.5, and __lt__ in 2.6+ (sort() and most other comparisons
# use __lt__).
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.tdeadline < other.tdeadline
def __le__(self, other):
return self.tdeadline <= other.tdeadline
[docs]class PeriodicCallback(Atom):
"""Schedules the given callback to be called periodically.
The callback is called every ``callback_time`` milliseconds.
Note that the timeout is given in milliseconds, while most other
time-related functions in Tornado use seconds.
If the callback runs for longer than ``callback_time`` milliseconds,
subsequent invocations will be skipped to get back on schedule.
`start` must be called after the `PeriodicCallback` is created.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
The ``io_loop`` argument (deprecated since version 4.1) has been removed.
"""
callback = Callable()
callback_time = Float()
_running = Bool()
_timeout = Float()
_next_timeout = Float()
io_loop = Value(IOLoop)
def _default_io_loop(self):
return IOLoop.current()
[docs] def __init__(self, callback, callback_time):
super(PeriodicCallback,self).__init__()
self.callback = callback
if callback_time <= 0:
raise ValueError("Periodic callback must have a positive callback_time")
self.callback_time = callback_time
[docs] def start(self):
"""Starts the timer."""
self._running = True
self._next_timeout = self.io_loop.time()
self._schedule_next()
[docs] def stop(self):
"""Stops the timer."""
self._running = False
if self._timeout is not None:
self.io_loop.remove_timeout(self._timeout)
self._timeout = None
[docs] def is_running(self):
"""Return True if this `.PeriodicCallback` has been started.
.. versionadded:: 4.1
"""
return self._running
def _run(self):
if not self._running:
return
try:
return self.callback()
except Exception:
self.io_loop.handle_callback_exception(self.callback)
finally:
self._schedule_next()
def _schedule_next(self):
if self._running:
current_time = self.io_loop.time()
if self._next_timeout <= current_time:
callback_time_sec = self.callback_time / 1000.0
self._next_timeout += (math.floor((current_time - self._next_timeout) /
callback_time_sec) + 1) * callback_time_sec
self._timeout = self.io_loop.add_timeout(self._next_timeout, self._run)
